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ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">虚拟语气一般指说话人的主观愿望或假想,是与客观存在相反的事实,或在现实中无法成真的事情或情形。下面小编给大家分享一些英语虚拟语气知识,希望能够帮助大家,欢迎阅读!
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ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">1、基础用法
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">2. 注意四个情态动词的用法
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(1)若表示在某一假设的条件下,必然而然就会发生某事,第一人称可用should或would, 而二、三人称只用would.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(2)若表示在某一假设条件下就能够干某事,各人称都用could.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(3)如果表示在某种假设条件下有可能会发生某事,各人称都用might.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">3.虚拟语气的倒装
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">当虚拟条件句中含有 were,had,should,could等动词时,可以将if省略,然后将 were,had,should,could等词移至句首。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">注意:以上移至句首的 had不一定是助动词,如果是实义动词也可倒装:
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">If he had money,he would buy a car. Hadhe money,hewould buy a car.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(1)从句与过去事实相反相成,而主句与现在事实相反。例如:
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">If you had not been strict withme when I was young, I could not be such a successful person now.(这种虚拟语气的特点是主句中常含有时间准状语now
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">或nowadays)
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(2)Should anyone come and ask for me, tell them I willcome back tomorrow.(主句为祈使句,条件句与将来事实相反,表示说话人认为某件事情发生的可能性很小。)
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">5.含蓄虚拟条件句
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。这类用法主要见于以下七种方式:
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(1)将条件隐含在不定式短语中。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I should be happyto go with you. (=I should be happy if I could go with you.)
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(2)将条件隐含在分词短语中。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Born in bettertimes, he would have been a scholar. (=If he had been born in better times, he…)
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(3)将条件隐含在介词短语中。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Without air, no onecould live. (=If there were no air, no one could live.)
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">常用的介词或介词短语,如but for, but that, without, in case of, under,under more favorable condition等。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(4)将条件隐含在名词短语中。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">A true friend wouldnot have betrayed me. (=If he had been atrue friend, he would…)
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(5)将条件隐含在某些连词(如or, or else, otherwise等)中。用法如下:它们后的句子如果说的不是客观事实,它们前边的句子采用陈述语气,后边的句子采用虚拟语气。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(a)句子(一般现在时)+ or, or else, otherwise + 句子(谓语部分:should\would\could\might等+ 动词原形)
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Don’t bother toread all these papers. It would take too long.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(=…If you read all these papers, it would taketoo long)
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段连词如:so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest,provided,for fear that, oncondition that, if only等。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(注:lest, for fear that和in case引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形,但可以不用虚拟语气,而用动词的陈述语气形式。)
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">注意:but后面转折成真实情况的用法
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">例:I would have bought it yesterday, but I had nomoney.
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ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">1、主语从句中的虚拟语气:
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">It is +形容词/动词的过去分词/名词+主语从句的结构中,从句的谓语动词须用动词原形或should+do的形式常用的这类词有:
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">形容词:advisable、natural、anxious、necessary、better、regretful、desirable、
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">strange、surprising、important
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">过去分词:decided、recommended、demanded、requested、desired、
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">required、ordered、suggested
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">名词:duty、pity、no surprise、regret、no wonder、shame
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">2、宾语从句中的虚拟语气
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(1) wish后的宾语从句
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">wish(that)+did/were(would/should do) 表示与现在或将来相反
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Had done(would/should have done) 表示与过去相反
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(2)某些动词表示愿望、要求、建议和命令等。从句形式为:(should)+动词原形常用的动词有:advise、order、command、decide、propose、demand、recommend、request、require、insist、suggest、urge
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">注意:insist表示“坚持认为,坚持说”时,从句中不用虚拟语气;表示“坚持要求”时,从句用虚拟语气。suggest表示“暗示,表明”时,从句不用虚拟语气;表示“建议”时,从句用虚拟语气。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">3、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中用虚拟语气。其形式为:(should)+动词原形。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">常用的名词有:advice、preference、demand、proposal、desire、request、requirement、necessity、order、suggestion
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ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">虚拟语气的特殊句型
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">1、would rather后句子用虚拟语气:would rather后接句子时,句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气,具体用法为:
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">a.一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">b.用过去完成时表过去的愿望
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">2、It’s(about/high)time后后的从句用虚拟语气:从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来,有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(should不能省略),其意为“(早)该干某事了”,暗含“现在做这件事稍微有点迟。”
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">注意:若从句中出现be动词,不能用was,要用were。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">3、as if(though)引起的方式状语从句和表语要使用虚拟语气(从句中动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同)
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">4、If only 表示“但愿……,要是……就好了”(从句中动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同)
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">5、由连接词in case, so that,unless, lost, for fear that引起的状语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟形式,即should(might, would)+动词原形。