初二下学期英语知识点总结归纳

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">真正的知识分子该有一副傲骨，不善趋炎附势。这使他们当中绝大多数显得个色，总是鹤立鸡群，混不进人堆里。下面小编给大家分享一些初二下学期英语知识点，希望能够帮助大家，欢迎阅读!

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ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">ng>初二下学期英语知识点1ng>

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">1. 短语动词小结

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">常见动词短语结构有下面几种：

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(1)动词+副词 如：give up 放弃;turn off 关掉;stay up 熬夜

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">在短语动词后。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(2)动词+介词 如：listen of 听;look at 看;belong to 属于

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(3)动词+副词+介词 如：come up with 提出，想出; run out of 用完，耗尽

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(4)动词+名词+介词 如：take part in参加;catch hold of 抓住

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">2. each 每个，各自的，强调事物的个别情况，常与of 连用

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">every 每个，每一个的，一切的，有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">3. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) study

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 help him with English

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">help do 帮助做某事 help study

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">4. spend...doing... 花费…做…

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I spent a day visiting Beijing. 我花了一天的时间去参观北京。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">spend… on sth. 花费…在… I spent 3 years on English.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">5. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织) 如：join the Party 入党

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">take part in 参加 (指参加活动) 如：take part in sports meeting 参加运动会

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">6. run out 与 run out of

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(1)run out (become used up). 其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本身就含有被动意义。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(2)run out of 主语为人，表示主动含义。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">两者在一定条件下可以互换

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">如：The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了= We are running out of petrol.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。= We are running out of time.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">7. work out

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(1)结局，结果为

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的这个策略效果很好。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(2)算出，制订出，消耗完(精力等)

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永远不会疲乏似的。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">He worked out a plan. 他制订了一个计划。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I have worked out our total expenses. 我已经算出了我们总的费用。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">8. hang out 闲荡 闲逛

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">9. be able to do 能，会

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">be unable to do 不能，不会

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">10. for sure 确实如此，毫无疑问

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">You don’t have money. That’s for sure. 你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">11. fill… with… 使…充满… 用…填充…

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">12. hand out 分发 hand out bananas

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">give out 分发 give out sth to sb. 分….给某人

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">give up doing 放弃… give up smoking 放弃吸烟

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">give away 赠送 捐赠 give away money to kids

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">give sb. sth. 给某人某东西 give me money 给我钱

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西 give money to me 给我线

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">13. help sb. out 帮助…做事，解决难题(摆脱困境)

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I can’t work out this math problem. Please help me out. 我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">14. train n. 火车 v. 训练

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">She trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">15. at once == right away 立刻 马上 如：

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Do it at once. 马上去做。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I’ll go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">16. one day 有一天 (指将来/过去)

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">some day 有一天(指将来) 如：

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Some day I’ll go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">ng>初二下学期英语知识点2ng>

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">1. arrive at 到达(小地方)

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">arrive in到达(大地方)

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">reach 到达

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">get to 到达

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I arrived in Beijing last night. = I reached Beijing last night .

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">= I got to Beijing last night .

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">如果宾语是副词here, there, home, 要把at/in/to省略。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">arrive here/there/home

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">get here/there/home

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">2. in front of… 在 … 的前面 (某一范围外的前面)

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">in the front of … 在 … 的前面(某一范围内的前面)

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">There are some big trees in front of the classroom building. 在教室的前面有一些大树。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I like sitting in the front of the taxi. 我喜欢坐在出租车的前排位置。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">3. take off

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(1)起飞

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">When did the plane take off yesterday? 飞机什么时候起飞?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(2)脱下(衣帽等)

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">He took off his coat as soon as he went into the room. 他一进房间就脱掉了外套。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(3)取消

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">They will take off the 5 am train . 他们取消了早上5点的火车。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">4. get out (of ) … 从……离开/出去/下来

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">A car stopped and a girl got out of it.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">但从汽车/火车/船/飞机/马匹上下来, 用get off…

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">5. follow

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(1)跟随 I followed him up he hill. 我跟着他上了山.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(2)沿着……前进 Follow this road until you get to the post office. 顺着这条路一直到邮局.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(3)听懂，理解 Could you speak more slowly? I can’t follow you. 你能说慢点吗?我听不懂。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(4)follow sb. to do sth. 跟着某人做某事

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Please follow me to read the story. 请跟我读这个故事。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">6. shout at 大声喊叫，多指因生气而非善意的大声叫喊

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Don’t shout at the little boy. He is too young. 不要对他大叫，他还太小。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">shout to 大声喊叫，多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">We should shout to him , or he can’t hear us. 我们应该朝他叫喊，否则他听不到我们的声音。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">7. happen 发生，具体事件偶然的没有预见的发生

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(1)happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I happened to meet one of my old friends in the park yesterday .昨天我在公园碰巧遇见我的一个老朋友。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(2)sth happens to sb. 某人发生了某事

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">An car accident happened to him last month. 上个月他发生了交通事故.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">take place 发生

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(1)按计划进行或按计划发生

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Great changes have taken place in China in recent years. 最近几年中国发生了巨大的变化.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(2)(运动/ 活动/会议等) 举行

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">The meeting will take place next Friday. 运动会将于下星期五举行。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">take the place of 代替, 取代

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Plastics can sometimes take the place of wood and metal . 塑料有时能代替木材和金属.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">take one’s place 坐某人的位置, 代替某人的职务

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Come to take my place. my seat is near the window . 来做我的位置，我的座位靠近窗户。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">8. anywhere 任何地方，常用于否定句或疑问句中.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Did you go anywhere last night? 你昨天还去了别的地方了吗?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">somewhere 某个地方，用于肯定句。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">come and see me. Then we’ll go out somewhere. 来我家找我，然后我们出去逛逛。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">everywhere 处处, 到处 = here and there

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I can’t find my pen though I looked for it everywhere. 尽管我到处都找过了，还是找不到我的钢笔。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">11. silence 名词, 寂静/无声

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">There’s nothing but silence in the room. 屋内寂静无声。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Keep in silence. 保持沉默.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">silent 形容词, 沉默的, 寂静的

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">The old house was quite silent. 这所老房子寂静无声。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">The cat moved on silent feet. 那只猫无声地走动着。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">12. hear 听到

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Can you hear someone knocking at the door? 你听到有人敲门了吗?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(1)hear of 听说 , 后接表示人或物的词

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I have never heard of him before. 我以前从来没有听说过他。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">( 2 ) hear about 听说, 后接表示事件的名词

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I’ve just heard about his illness. 我刚刚听说他生病的事。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Have you heard about the accident ? 你听说了那场事故吗?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(3)hear from 收到某人的来信

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I heard from my daughter in New York yesterday. 我昨天收到在纽约的女儿的来信。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">13. 主语 + be + one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词 + in / of 短语。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">…… 是……中最……的……之一.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">This was one of the most important events in modern American history. 这是美国历史上最重要的事件之一。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Xiamen is one of the most beautiful cities in China. 厦门是中国最漂亮的城市之一。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">13. experience

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(1)名词经验, 不可数名词 ; 经历, 体验, 可数名词

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Have you had any experience of fishing? 你有钓鱼的经验吗?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Could you tell us about your experiences in Africa? 你能给我们谈谈你在非洲的经历吗?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(2)动词 经历, 感觉

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">The children experienced many difficulties this time. 这次孩子们经历了许多困难.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">experienced 形容词 有经验的

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">be experienced in/at doing sth. = have much experience in/at doing sth. 做某事很有经验.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">She is an experienced teacher. 他是一个经验丰富的教师。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">He is very experienced in/at repairing cars. 他修车很有经验。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">14. as … as … 和…… 一样… 两个as之间用形容词或副词的原形。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">He works as carefully as she. 他和她一样工作认真。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">She is as tall as her mother. 她和母亲一样高。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">not as… as… 不如某人/某物…

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">He isn’t as / so old as he looks . 他不像看起来那么老。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">She doesn’t run as / so fast as her brother. 她不如她哥哥跑得那么快。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">15. have fun = have a good/great/wonderful time = enjoy oneself 玩得开心，过得愉快

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Did you have fun at the party? 昨天在派对上玩的开心吗?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">= Did you have a good/great/wonderful time ?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">= Did you enjoy yourself ?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">have fun doing sth. 开心做某事

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I’m just having fun playing the guitar . 我正开心的弹吉他呢。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">16. accident 事故, 意外遭遇

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">He was killed in an accident. 他死于一起意外事故.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">traffic accident 交通事故

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Many people die in traffic accidents every year. 每年有很多人死于交通事故。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">by accident 偶然, 意外地

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">We met at the airport by accident . 我们偶然在机场遇见。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">18. think about 考虑 (某个计划 )

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">They are thinking about moving to Beijing. 他们考虑搬去北京。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">think of 认为 What do you think of the movie?= how do you like the movie? 你认为这部电影怎么样?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">think over 仔细思考

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">We need a few days to think over this matter. 我们需要几天时间来考虑这个事情。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">19. 感叹句

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">what 引导的感叹句

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(1)What a beautiful girl (she is )! 多么美的姑娘呀 !

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(2)What a clever boy ( he is )! 多么聪明的男孩呀 !

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(3)What interesting pictures ( they are )! 多么美的图片呀 !

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(4)What tall buildings ( they are )! 多么高的楼呀 !

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(5)What delicious food ( it is ) ! 多么可口的食物呀 !

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(6)What bad weather ( it is ) ! 多么坏的天气呀 !

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">规律：what + ( a/an ) + 形容词 + 名词 ( + 主语 + 谓语) + !

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">名词为不可数名词或复数名词时, 形容词前面不能有a/an。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">how 引导的感叹句

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(7)How heavy the box is! 多么重的箱子呀!

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">How fast he runs! 他跑得多快呀!

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(8)How careful the girl is! 多么细心的姑娘呀!

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">How well she plays the piano! 她的钢琴弹得多好呀!

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">20. 过去进行时

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">过去进行时的用法

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(1)过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">What were you doing at 8:30 this morning? 今天早上8点半你正在做什么?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">When I called him, he was having dinner. 当我打电话给他时，他正在吃饭。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(2)过去某段时间正在进行的动作。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">What were you doing from seven to nine yesterday? 你昨天7点到9点在做什么?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I was reading the whole morning yesterday. 我昨天一整个早上都在看书。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">过去进行时的构成

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(1)肯定句：主语 + was / were +动词ing形式 + 时间状语。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(2)否定句：主语 + was / were + not + 动词ing形式 + 时间状语。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(3)疑问句：was / were + 主语 + 动词ing形式 + 时间状语 ?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">肯定回答：Yes , 主语 + was / were .

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">否定回答：No, 主语 + was / were + not .

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">ng>初二下学期英语知识点3ng>

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">1. It’s +形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是…的。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">It’s important to do sth. 做某事很重要。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">It’s important for me to eat a balanced diet. 平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">It’s easy to do sth. 做某事是容易的。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">It’s easy for us to find out the answer. 找出答案对我们来说是容易的

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">2. 情态动词should的用法

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。意为"应该......"。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">should(应当，应该)用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">eg. ---I have a very bad cold. 我感冒很厉害。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">---You should lie down and have a rest. 你应该躺下，多喝水。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">3. maybe与may be

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(1)maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：Maybe he can answer the question. 也许他能回答那个问题。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(2)may be中的may为情态动词，译为“可能是......”。如：

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">She may be our English teacher. 她可能是我们的英语老师。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">4. few、a few、little、a little的区别和联系：

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(1)few / a few用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有;a few表示肯定意义， 有几个。 例如：

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">There are a few eggs in the basket. 篮子里有几个鸡蛋。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(2)little / a little用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有; a little 表示肯定意义，有一点儿。 例如：

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">There is little ink in my bottle. Can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">5. not…until 直到…(否定句) 才......，动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">She didn’t leave until we came.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">He went shopping after he got up.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">=He didn’t go shopping until /before he got up.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">...until/till 直到......(肯定句)动词为延续性动词

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">We stayed here till/until 12 o’clock.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">ng>初二下学期英语知识点4ng>

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">1. get

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">( 1 ) 买

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">get sth. for sb. = get sb. sth. 为某人买某物

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping ?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">= Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping ?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">( 2 ) 得到，到达

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Where did you get the book?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">When did you get the letter?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">He got home late last night.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(3)使，让，get + 宾语 + 宾补 使某人/某物怎么样

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Please get you coat clean.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Get your mouth closed.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I got him to call Jim yesterday.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(4)( 逐渐) 变得…...

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">The weather gets warmer and days get longer .

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Why did the teacher get angry ?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">2. how about/ what about 后跟名词/代词/动词ing形式。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(1)向对方提出建议或请求

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">How about going out for a walk?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">How about something to eat?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(2)向对方征求意见或看法

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">How about the TV play ?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">How about buying the house now ?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">( 3 ) 询问天气或身体情况

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">How about the weather in Hainan Island ?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">How about your parents? Are they living with you ?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">( 4 ) 谈话中承接上下文

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I’m forty years old. How about you?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I’m from Beijing. How about you?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">3. receive 收到

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday .

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">receive a letter from = get a letter from = heard from收到某人的信

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I received a letter from my parents last Sunday .

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">= I got a letter from my parents last Sunday .

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">= I heard from my parents last Sunday .

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">accept 接受

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">He couldn’t accept our suggestions but our gifts.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">She was very glad to receive the invitation.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I received an invitation to the party , but I refused to accept it .

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">4. a 6-year-old child 一个六岁的孩子

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">6-year-old 是由“数词 +名词 + 形容词 ” 构成的复合形容词，作前置定语，修饰后面的名词child。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单数形式：

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">a five-year-old girl 一个五岁的女孩

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">a two-meter-long ruler 一把两米长的尺子

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">a ten-story-high building 一栋十层高的楼房

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">a two-inch-thick dictionary 一本两英寸厚的词典

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">5. too...to… 太……而不能 ……

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">too 后跟形容词或副词原形, to 后跟动词原形, 构成不定式，句子的主语与动词不定的主语不一时, 可以在动词不定式前加逻辑主语for sb。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">He is too young to join the army ( 军队) . 他年纪太小，不能去参军。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">The math problem is too difficult for me to work out . 这道数学题对我来说太难了，做不出。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">too...to…可以与enough to和so…that…转换.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">She is too young to do the work .

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">= She isn’t old enough to do the work .

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Tom is too tired to walk any farther .

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">= Tom is so tired that he can’t walk any farther .

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">6. pay , spend , cost , take 的区别

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(1)pay 花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是人。 sb. pay some money for sth.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week . 我上个星期花了5000买电脑。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(2)spend 花费 ( 多少钱或时间 )，主语是人。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">sb. spend some money on sth.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">sb. spend some time ( in ) doing sth.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I spent 5000 yuan on the computer last week .

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">She spent 2 hours ( in ) doing her homework . 她花了2个小时做作业。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(3)cost 花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是物。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">sth. cost sb. some money.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">This jacket cost him 200 dollars. 这件夹克衫花费她200美元。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(4)take 花费 (时间 )，主语形式主语为It.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">It takes sb. some time to do sth.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">花费某人多少时间做某事

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">How long does it take sb. to do sth? 花费某人多少时间做某事?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">It took Liu Hong 2 hours to do her homework. 刘红花了2个小时做作业。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">7. sleep , sleeping, sleepy , asleep , fall asleep , be asleep

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(1)sleep 动词, 睡觉, 强调动作。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I am very tired. I want to sleep. 我很累，想睡觉。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(2)sleeping, sleep 的现在分词, 表示“ 正在睡觉”。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Don’t make so much noise. The baby is sleeping. 不要这么吵，宝宝在睡觉。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(3)sleepy 想睡觉的, 困倦的。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I am a little sleepy. I’d like to go to bed. 我有点困了，我想去床上睡觉了。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(4)asleep 睡着了的。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school. 老师发现汤姆上课睡觉，放学后就把他留了下来。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(5)fall asleep 强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程, 不能接一段时间。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I couldn’t fall asleep until it was very late last night . 我昨天晚上到很晚才睡着。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(6)be asleep 表示睡着后的状态 , “ 睡着了”, 可以接一段时间。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">He was asleep for three hours. 他睡了3个小时。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">8. open

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">( 1 ) 动词, 打开 , 开业, 开张, 展现

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Would you mind opening the window ? 你介意我把窗户打开吗?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">( 2 ) 形容词, be open 开着的, 开放的

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">On weekends the swimming pool is open to the public. 在周末，这个游泳池是对公众开放的。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">9. close 动词, 关闭, 关上 , 合上

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">closed 形容词, be closed 关着的, 关闭的

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">10. encourage 动词, 鼓励, 激励

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Parents should encourage children to do things by themselves.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">家长们应该要鼓励孩子们自己动手做事情。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">11. progress 名词, “ 进步, 进展”

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">make progress “取得进步, 取得进展”

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Tom is now making great progress at school. 汤姆现在在学校的进步很大。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">12. take an interest in ( doing ) sth. 对 ( 做 )某事感兴趣

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">否定表达是 take no interest in ( doing ) sth. 对 ( 做 )某事不感兴趣

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Do you take an interest in English ? 你对英语感兴趣吗?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Most children take an interest in playing computer games. 大多数孩子对电脑游戏很感兴趣。

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">13. make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Would you like to make friends with us? 你想和我们交朋友吗?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">ng>初二下学期英语知识点5ng>

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">1. 关于 to 的短语总结

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">have to do sth. 不得不/必须做某事

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">need to do sth. 需要做某事

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">like to do sth. 喜欢做某事

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">want to do sth. 想做某事

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">love to do sth. 热爱做某事

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">forget to do sth. 忘记做某事

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">start to do sth. 开始做某事

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">begin to do sth. 开始做某事

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">ask sb to do sth. 请某人做某事

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">2. ---Could you please clean your room?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">---Yes, sure. / Sorry, I can't. I have to do my homework first.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">---Could I please use the car?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">---Sure. / Certainly. / Of course. / No, you can't. I have to go out.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用 could 代替 can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而 can 则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把 could 看作 can 的过去式。以上两句中用 could 是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了 can, could 之外，还可以用 may，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例：

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Could / Can / May I use your car for a day?

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">作允答可以各种各样：

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">如同意可以说 Yes，或 Sure 或 Certainly，还可说 Yes, (do) please.或 Of course. (you may / can). 或 That's OK / all right.

ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">如果不同意，可以说 I'm sorry you can't. 或 I'm really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免说 No, you can't. 这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。

ng style="color:#125b86">初二下学期英语知识点总结