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ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">知识是人们前进的最大动力，因为有知识，我们知道我们从哪里来，也知道我们将要到哪里去。接下来小编给大家分享关于八年级下册英语第四单元知识，希望对大家有所帮助！
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ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">重要词汇和句型
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">1.get ( 1 ) 买 get sth. for sb.== get sb. sth. 为某人买某物
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> ==Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">( 2 ) 得到, 到达 Where did you get the book?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">When did you get the letter ?He got home late last night.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(3) 使, 让 get + 宾语 + 宾补 使某人\ 某物 怎么样
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> Please get you coat clean. Get your mouth closed.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">get sb. to do sth. 使某人\ 某物做某事
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I got him to call Jim yesterday.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(4) ( 逐渐) 变得…The weather gets warmer and days get longer.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> Why did the teacher get angry?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">2. how about\ what about 后跟名词\ 代词\ 动词ing形式。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">( 1) 向对方提出建议或请求
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">How about going out for a walk?How about something to eat
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(2) 向对方征求意见或看法
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">How about the TV play? How about buying thehouse now ?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">( 3 ) 询问天气或身体情况
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">How about the weather in Hainan Island ?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">How about your parents? Are they living with you?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">( 4 ) 谈话中承接上下文
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I’m forty years old. How about you ?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I’m from Beijing . How about you?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">3. receive 收到 The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">receive aletter from == get a letter from == heard from收到某人的信
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I received a letter from my parents last Sunday.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">== I got a letter from my parents last Sunday.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">== I heard from my parents last Sunday.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">accept 接受 He couldn’t accept our suggestions but our gifts.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> She was very glad to receive the invitation.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> He didn’t receive a good education at university.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I received an invitation to the party, but I refused to accept it.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">4. a 6--year– old child 一个六岁的孩子
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">6--year –old 是由 “数词 +名词 + 形容词 ” 构成的复合形容词, 作前置定语,
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">修饰后面的名词child .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">数词+名词+形容词 构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单数形式：
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">a five-year-old girl 一个五岁的女孩
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">a six-foot-deep hole 一个六英尺深的洞
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">a two-meter-long ruler 一把两米长的尺子 a 100-meter race一场百米赛跑a ten-story-high building 一栋十层高的楼房 a two-inch-thick dictionary一本两英寸厚的词典
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">5. too… to… 太…… 而不能 ……
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">too … to… 可以与 enough to 和 so… that … 转换.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">与enough to转换 时, enough 前的形容词, 副词必须是too 后面形容词,
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">副词的反义词, 并使用其否定句式.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">She is too young to do the work .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">she isn’t old enough to do the work .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">与 so… that … 转换时, that 后面的从句要用否定形式.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Tom is too tired to walk any farther .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Tom is so tired that he can’t walk any farther
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(2 ) 名词 , 成本, 费用, 价钱. at all costs不惜任何代价;at the cost of 以 …… 为代价.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> Living costs are higher in cities than that in the country.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> We must stop it at all costs .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">After the earthquake, the soldiers tried to reach the area at the
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> cost of their lives.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">7. pay, spend , cost , take 的区别
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">pay 花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是人. Sb. pay some money for sth.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Spend 花费 ( 多少钱或时间 ),主语是人. Sb. spend somemoney on sth.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> Sb. spend some time (in ) doing sth.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I spent 5000 yuan on the computer last week.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">She spent 2 hours (in ) doing her homework .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">cost 花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是物. Sth. cost sb. some money.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> This jacket cost him 200 dollars.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">take 花费 (时间 ),It takes sb. some time to do sth.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">花费某人多少时间做某事
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> How long does it take sb. to do sth?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">花费某人多少时间做某事?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> It took Liu Hong 2 hours to do her homework.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> It takes me 10 minutes to walk to school from home.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> It will take them 6 months to build the building.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> How long does it take him to plant the trees ?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">8. sleep, sleeping, sleepy , asleep, fall asleep , be asleep
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">sleep 动词, 睡觉, 强调动作. I am very tired. I want to sleep .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> He slept for 12 hours yesterday.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">sleeping, Sleep 的现在分词, 表示 “ 正在睡觉”
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> Don’t make so much noise. The baby is sleeping .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">They woke up the sleeping girl andasked her where her parents were .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">sleepy 想睡觉的, 困倦的. I am a little sleepy . I’d like to go to bed.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">asleep 睡着了的.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Theteacher found Tom asleep in class andkept him behind after school .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Would you mind turning down the TV? The baby is asleep .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">fall asleep 强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程, 不能接一段时间
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I couldn’t fall asleep until it was very late last night.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">He listened to music and fell asleep.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">be asleep 表示睡着后的状态 , “ 睡着了”, 可以接一段时间 .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">He was asleep for three hours.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">9. choose 动词, “ 选择,挑选 ” , 过去式chose, 过去分词chosen
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">choose to do sth. 选择做某事
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">can’t Choose but 只得……
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">pick and choose 挑挑拣拣
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">There are many books to choose from .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">We choose mike as our leader( 领导 ).
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Will you help me choose a dictionary?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Everyone can’t choose but obey( 服从 ) .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">It’s her habit (习惯 ) to pick and choose while shopping.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">10. present (1) 礼物, 礼品 == gift Why not givehim a card as a present ?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> what can I get him for a birthday present ?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> (2 ) 目前, 现在 I’m sorry he is out at present .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">You haveto forget the past and start living in the present .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">11. open (1 ) 动词, 打开 , 开业, 开张, 展现
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> It’s not right to open other people’s letters.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> Would you mind opening the window?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> The door opens to the south.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> This factory opened in 1998.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> (2 ) 形容词, be open 开着的, 开放的
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> In his dream the flowers are all open .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> Most shops are closed but several are still open .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> On weekends the swimmingpool is open to the public .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">close 动词, 关闭, 关上 , 合上
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> Please close the door to keep the cold out.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> closed 形容词, be closed 关着的, 关闭的
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> when we got to the shop it was closed .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">12 . give away 赠送 , 分发 give away sth to sb
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Aunt Wang gave away the candies (糖果 ) to the kids .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">John gave away his notebook to me .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">其它短语 give up 放弃 give back 归还 give off 放出, 发出(气味)
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> give sth to sb == give sb. sth . 把某物给某人
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">13. rather than 而不是 …… 后面跟名词, 代词, 从句
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">The color seems green rather than blue .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">If you ran rather than walked , you would have arrived earlier .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">We depend on you rather than on him .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">You should help them rather than they should help you .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">prefer to do sth rather than do sth . 宁愿…… , 也不 ……
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> She preferred to stay at home rather than go with us .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> He preferred to listen to music rather than play games .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Would rather do sth than do sth . 宁愿…… , 也不 ……
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> He would rather play than work .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> I would rather take the slowest train than go there by air .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">14. instead (1) 位于句首, 表示 “ 反而, 相反”
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I didn’t go to the cinema last night . instead, I watched a football match on TV.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">The boy didn’t sing to the music . Instead , he sang his own way .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">( 2 ) 位于句尾, 表示 “ 作为代替, 而是”
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Mr smith was ill , so mr green was taking his class instead .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I don’t like this one , please give me that instead .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">instead of 后跟名词, 代词, 动名词, 介词短语.表示 “ 代替, 而不是”
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I have come instead of my brother . He is ill .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator ( 电梯 ) .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">He studies in the evening instead of during the day .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">15. enter (1) 参加 == take part in \ join
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">More than one thousand sportsmen entered \ took part in the games .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">My brother hopes to enter \ join the army next year .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">( 2 ) 进入 ==come into \ go into
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> She entered\ came into the room with these words .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> Did you see someone enter \ go into the house ?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">16. encourage 动词, 鼓励, 激励 encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Parents should encourage children to do things by themselves .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Our English teacher encourages us to keep a dairy in English .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">17. progress 名词, “ 进步, 进展” make progress “取得进步, 取得进展”
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> My parents are pleased with my progress in lessons .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> Tom is now making much \ great progress at school .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">They made no progress in the heavy snow .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">18. suggest 动词, 建议, 提议. 后跟名词, 代词, 动名词和从句
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">she suggested a way out of the difficulty .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">he suggested going home .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">who suggested you staying here ?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I suggested we ( should ) hold a meeting .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">19. take an interest in ( doing ) sth. 对 ( 做 )某事感兴趣
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">否定表达是 take no interest in ( doing ) sth. 对 ( 做 )某事不感兴趣
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Do you take an interest in English ?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Most children take an interest in playing computer games .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">He takes no interest in playing basketball .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">be \ become interested in ( doing ) sth对 ( 做 )某事感兴趣
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I’m deeply interested in swimming .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">She becameinterested in singing when she was only 7 years old .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">20. Three good ways of improving English are mentioned .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">提到了三种提高英语的好方法.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">of improving English是介词短语作定语修饰ways . 它相当与 动词不定式.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Three good ways of improving English are mentioned .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">=== Three good ways to improve English are mentioned .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Can you find a way to work out the problem ?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">==Can you find a way of working out the problem ?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> Fast is another way of saying quick .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">== Fast is another way to say quick .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> Mention (1) 动词, “ 提到, 提及, 说起 ”
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">as mentioned above 如上所述
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> He often mentioned his past to me .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> Nobody mentioned anything to me about it .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> Did she mention where she was going ?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">You mentioned in your letter that you might be moving abroad .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">As mentioned above , there are many good ways to learn English well .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> ( 2 ) 名词, “ 提及, 说起 ”
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> The newspaper made no mention of him .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">21. make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> Would you like to make friends with us ?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> I find it difficult to make friends with Ben .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">形容词
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">一、形容词
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">（一）形容词的含义：表示人或事物的特征、性质、状态的词叫形容词。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">（二）形容词的用法及位置：
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">1．作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> The nice girl is my sister .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> I have something important to tell you .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">2. 少数形容只能作表语不能作定语：alone , afraid , ill , asleep ,awake , alive , well 。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">3.作表语，放在系动词之后。 He looks happy .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">4. 作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make , leave ,keep 等动词连用。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> You must keep your eyes closed .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> Don’t make your hands dirty .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">5. 某些形容词放在定冠词the之后，表示一类人。常见的词有：good , bad ,rich , poor ,
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">young , old , deaf , blind, black , white , living , dead 。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">The young should be polite to the old .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Please don’t laugh at the poor .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">6. 某些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式（to + 动词原形）：
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> glad , happy ,pleased
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> be sorry , sad ,sure , kind + to do sth .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> ready , afraid ,able
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> easy , difficult
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(三) 形容词比较级和最高级的构成：
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">1．规则变化
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">（1）一般情况，直接在词尾加er \ est 。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(2) 以不发音的字母e结尾时， 加 r \ st 。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">（3）以“辅音字母 +y ”结尾时， 把y变为 i ，再加er \ est 。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">( 4) 部分形容词，先双写最后一个辅音字母，再加er \ est 。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">big , hot, fat , thin , red ,
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(5) 部分形容词， 在前面加 more \ most 。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">beautiful , careful , important , delicious , difficult , dangerous
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(6) 以ly结尾的形容词，在前面加more \ most 。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">friendly(友好的) , lonely（孤独的） , lovely（可爱的）
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Likely（有希望的） , daily （日常的）, lively （有生气的）
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">2. 不规则变化
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">good \ well --- better---best many \ much ---more--- most
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">bad \ ill --- worse ---worst little --- less--- least
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">far ---farther (较远的) \ further (进一步的) ---farthest (最远的) \ furthest （最大程度的）
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">old ---older(年纪较大的) \ elder（年纪最大的）---oldest（较年长的）\ eldest (最年长的)
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(四) 形容词原级的用法：
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">1．说明人或事物自身的性质、特征或状态时用形容词原形。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">The flowers in the garden are beautiful .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">2. 有表示程度的副词very , so , too,enough , quite 等修饰时，用形容词原形。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">The boy is too young .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">3.表示A与B在某方面程度相同或不同时，用形容词原形。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">肯定句：A + 动词 + as + 形容词原形 + as + B 。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> English is as interesting as Chinese .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> Xiao Ming is as tall as Jim .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">否定句：A + 动词 + not as \ so+ 形容词原形 + as + B 。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> This book is not as \ so new as that one .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> I am not so careful as Lucy .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">否定句的结构相当于 A + 动词 + less + 形容词原形 + than + B 。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">He thinks Chinese is less interesting than English .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">4. 表示“A 是B 的几倍”： A +动词+ 倍数+ as + 形容词原形 + as + B 。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> Our school is three times as big as theirs .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> This table is twice as long as that one .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">5．“A + 动词 +Half + as + 形容词原形 +as + B”表示“A是B的一半”
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Her room is half as big as yours .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(五)、形容词比较级的用法：
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">1．表示两者进行比较时，用形容词比较级：A + 动词+ 形容词比较级 + than + B
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Lily’s room is bigger than mine .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">This mooncake is nice than that one .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">2． 有表示程度的副词a little , a bit , a few , a lot , much , even , still ,
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Far , rather , any 等修饰时，用形容词比较级。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I feel even worse now . It is much colder today than before .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">3. 表示两者之间“哪一个更、、、”：which \ who is +形容词比较级, A or B ?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Who is taller , L i Ming or Wang Tao ?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Which sweater is more beautiful , the yellow one or the pink one ?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">4. 表示“几倍于、、、、、、”时， 用“A + 动词 + 倍数+比较级 + than + B ”
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I am three years older than you .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">5．表示“两者之间较、、、、、、的一个”，常用 “the +比较级”结构 。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Mary is the taller of the twins .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">6. 表示“越来越、、、、、、”时，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级 +and + 比较级 ”，多音节
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">词和部分双音节词用“more and more +形容词原形 ”
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">7. 表示“越、、、、、、就越、、、、、、”时，用“the +比较级 , the +比较级 ”
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> The harder he works , the richer he is .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> The more we get together , the happier we’ll be .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(六)、形容词最高级的用法：
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">1．三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用形容词最高级。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">the , 句末常跟一个in \ of 短语来表示范围。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">He is the strongest of the three boys .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Shanghai is the biggest city in china .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">2. 表示“三者或三者以上的人或物，哪一个最、、、、、、？”用句型：
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Which \ who is + the + 最高级 , A , B , or C ?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> Which city is the most beautiful , Beijing , Shanghai or Fuzhou ?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">3. 表示“最、、、、、、的、、、、、、之一” 时，用句型：
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">主语 + is + one of the +形容词最高级 +名词复数 。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">4. 形容词最高级前面可加序数词，表示“第几大 / 长 / 高 等”
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Changjiang River is the first longest river in China .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">5. 形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，此时不用the 。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> This is our last lesson . Yesterday was his busiest day .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">6. 形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Li Lei is the tallest student in his class .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">== Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">== Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">== Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">==No one is as tall as Li Lei in his class .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">==No one is taller than Li Lei in his class .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">== Li Lei is taller than any of the other students in his class .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">== Li Lei is taller than the rest of students in his class .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">（七）、--ing 形容词与--ed 形容词：
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">--ing 形容词表示“令人、、、、、、的”， 表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰或说明事物。如：surprising（令人惊讶的） , exciting （令人兴奋的）, interesting（有趣的） 等。--ed 形容词表示“感到、、、、、、的”，表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人：sb. + be +--ed 形容词 + 介词短语 。 如：surprised(感到惊讶的) , excited（感到兴奋的） ,
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Interested（感到有趣的） 等。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">We are all excited about the exciting news .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">（八）在同一范围内比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> China is larger than any other country in Asia .( 在同一范围内)
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> China is larger than any country in Africa . (在不同范围内)
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">副词：用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念，主要修饰动词、形容词、其它副词
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">或整个句子。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">（ 一）．副词的分类：
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">1．时间副词：now , then , today ,tomorrow , yesterday , before , ago , soon ,
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Immediately , lately , early ,sometimes , often , always , usually , already ,
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Yet , ever ,never , seldom 。时间副词是确定句子时态的重要标志，需牢记。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">2．地点副词：outside , inside , upstairs, here , there , home , near , away ,
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> In , back , off , up , anywhere 。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">3．方式副词：quickly , happily , loudly , suddenly , luckily , badly , easily ,
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> fast , again 。方式副词大多由“形容词 +y ”构成。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">4．程度副词：very , quite , rather , too , much , so .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">5． 疑问副词：when , where , why , how long , how soon , how often ,
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">How far . 疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">6．关系副词：when , where , why , how 等。关系副词常用来引导从句。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">（一）副词的用法：
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">1．作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或整个句子。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Please listen to me carefully . The boy is too young .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Luckily , he was not badly hurt .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">2. 作表语，表示方位上的变化： My father will be back in a week .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">3. 作宾语补足语。 Let him in , please .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">(三) 副词的位置：
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">1．一般副词作状语时，放在谓语动词之后，如果谓语动词之后带有宾语，则放在宾语后。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">We all study hard . He is drawing a horse carefully .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">2. 频度副词作状语时放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">He is always late for school .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I often go to see my grandparents on Sunday .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">3. 某些副词为了强调上下句的衔接，放在句子之前。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Suddenly he had a good idea .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">4. enough 修饰形容词或副词时，要放在形容词或副词的后面。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> The boy is old enough to go to school .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> He got up early enough to catch the train .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">（四） 副词比较级、最高级的用法：
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">1．副词比较级、最高级的构成方法和形容词比较级、最高级的构成方法基本相同。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">2．表示“A不如B”时，使用：A + 助动词+ not + 动词原形 + as \ so + 副词原形+ as+ B .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">还可使用：A + 动词+ less +副词原形 + than + B
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Bill didn’t do his homework as carefully as Jim .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> ==Bill did his homework less carefully than Jim .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">3. 副词最高级前一般不加定冠词the 。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> Lin Tao did best in English of all .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">（五）易混词辨析：
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">1. hard , hardly
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">hard意为“努力地，辛苦地，剧烈地，猛烈地”，是程度副词。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">hardly意为“几乎不”，是否定副词。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">As students , we should study hard .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I can hardly catch up with you , can you walk slowly ?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">2. too , also , either
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">too一般用于肯定句，常放在句尾；also常放在be动词或助动词之后，行为动词
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">之前；either用于否定句，常放在句尾。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">You are a student . I am a student , too.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">They are also students . I don’t like the film , either .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">3. too , enough , so
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">too 表示 “太，很”, too …to … 表示“太。而不能、、、、、、”
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">enough表示“足够”， “形容词 / 副词+ enough to…”表示“足够、、、、、、能、、、、、、”。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">so表示“如此”， “so … that …”表示“ 如此、、、、、、以致、、、、、、”
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">The man is too old to look after himself .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">The boy runs fast enough to win the game .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">The camera is so expensive that I can’t afford it .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">4. already , yet
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">already用于肯定句，yet用于否定句和疑问句末尾。
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> I have already finished my homework .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;"> == I have finished my homework already.
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">Have you finished your homework yet ?
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">I haven’t had lunch yet .
ndent: 2em; text-align: left;">